{"id":32088,"date":"2024-04-29T08:56:43","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T05:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalbadger.org\/?p=32088"},"modified":"2025-03-13T18:55:41","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T15:55:41","slug":"roman-adougyi-illetosegi-igazolas-mi-az","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalbadger.org\/hu\/jogi\/uzleti-jog\/roman-adougyi-illetosegi-igazolas-mi-az\/","title":{"rendered":"Rom\u00e1n ad\u00f3\u00fcgyi illet\u0151s\u00e9gi igazol\u00e1s – mi az?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c1FA \u2013 \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos forgalmi ad\u00f3 Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos forgalmi ad\u00f3 (\u00c1FA) egy k\u00f6zvetett ad\u00f3, amelyet az \u00e1llami k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9s fel\u00e9 kell befizetni, \u00e9s amelyet a v\u00e9gs\u0151 fogyaszt\u00f3 visel az \u00e1ltala v\u00e1s\u00e1rolt term\u00e9k vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s \u00e1r\u00e1ban. Ez a k\u00f6zvetett ad\u00f3 minden gazdas\u00e1gi ciklusban alkalmazand\u00f3, amely a term\u00e9k el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t vagy a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s ny\u00fajt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9rinti, az \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s minden szakasz\u00e1ban, eg\u00e9szen a v\u00e9gs\u0151 fogyaszt\u00f3hoz val\u00f3 eljut\u00e1sig.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdgy az \u00c1FA minden term\u00e9k vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s \u00e1r\u00e1ba be\u00e9p\u00fcl, \u00e9s a fogyaszt\u00f3 \u00e1ltal fizetett v\u00e9gs\u0151 \u00e1r r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ki fizeti az \u00c1FA-t Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

B\u00e1r a keresked\u0151k \u00e9s a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00f3k felel\u0151sek az \u00c1FA beszed\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt \u00e9s az \u00e1llam fel\u00e9 t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 befizet\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt, az ad\u00f3 t\u00e9nyleges k\u00f6lts\u00e9g\u00e9t a v\u00e9gs\u0151 fogyaszt\u00f3k viselik.<\/span><\/p>\n

A keresked\u0151k az \u00c1FA \u00f6sszeg\u00e9t hozz\u00e1adj\u00e1k az \u00e1ltaluk \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edtett term\u00e9kek vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok \u00e1r\u00e1hoz, \u00edgy a v\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00f3k az ad\u00f3val egy\u00fctt fizetik meg a teljes \u00f6sszeget.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minden c\u00e9g vagy egy\u00e9ni v\u00e1llalkoz\u00f3 ad\u00f3k\u00f6zvet\u00edt\u0151k\u00e9nt m\u0171k\u00f6dik, beszedve az \u00c1FA-t az \u00fcgyfeleit\u0151l, majd azt az ad\u00f3hat\u00f3s\u00e1gnak befizetve. A fogyaszt\u00f3k sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra az \u00c1FA egy \u00e1tl\u00e1that\u00f3 k\u00f6lts\u00e9gelem, m\u00edg a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra az \u00c1FA megfelel\u0151 kezel\u00e9se alapvet\u0151 \u00e9s k\u00f6telez\u0151 gazdas\u00e1gi m\u0171velet.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c1FA t\u00edpusai Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Az elt\u00e9r\u0151 \u00c1FA-kulcsok lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik az ad\u00f3rendszer igaz\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t a t\u00e1rsadalmi \u00e9s gazdas\u00e1gi sz\u00fcks\u00e9gletekhez. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul az alapvet\u0151 term\u00e9kekre (\u00e9lelmiszerek, gy\u00f3gyszerek, k\u00f6nyvek) alkalmazott cs\u00f6kkentett \u00c1FA seg\u00edthet cs\u00f6kkenteni az alacsonyabb j\u00f6vedelm\u0171ek ad\u00f3terheit, mik\u00f6zben biztos\u00edtja az alapvet\u0151 sz\u00fcks\u00e9gletekhez val\u00f3 hozz\u00e1f\u00e9r\u00e9st. M\u00e1sr\u00e9szt a norm\u00e1l kulcsok a legt\u00f6bb term\u00e9kre \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sra vonatkoznak, jelent\u0151s bev\u00e9telt biztos\u00edtva az \u00e1llami k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9s sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Magyarorsz\u00e1gon az \u00c1FA norm\u00e1l kulcsa 27%, amelyet az ad\u00f3k\u00f6teles tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gekre kell alkalmazni, amelyek nem tartoznak az ad\u00f3mentess\u00e9gek vagy cs\u00f6kkentett kulcsok hat\u00e1lya al\u00e1. Emellett l\u00e9teznek cs\u00f6kkentett, 18%-os \u00e9s 5%-os \u00c1FA-kulcsok.<\/span><\/p>\n

18%-os \u00c1FA-kulcs<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Az 18%-os cs\u00f6kkentett \u00c1FA-kulcs az al\u00e1bbi term\u00e9kekre \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokra alkalmazand\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • tejterm\u00e9kek (kiv\u00e9ve az anyatejet \u00e9s az ultra magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten kezelt tejet);<\/li>\n
  • keny\u00e9r \u00e9s p\u00e9k\u00e1ruk;<\/li>\n
  • vend\u00e9gl\u00e1t\u00f3ipari szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok (kiv\u00e9ve az alkoholtartalm\u00fa italokat);<\/li>\n
  • sz\u00e1ll\u00e1shely-szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok (pl. hotelek, panzi\u00f3k, kempingek).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    5%-os \u00c1FA-kulcs<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    A legkedvez\u0151bb, 5%-os \u00c1FA-kulcs az al\u00e1bbi \u00e1ruk \u00e9s szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sok eset\u00e9ben \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • gy\u00f3gyszerek \u00e9s gy\u00f3gy\u00e1szati seg\u00e9deszk\u00f6z\u00f6k;<\/li>\n
    • k\u00f6nyvek, \u00fajs\u00e1gok \u00e9s elektronikus k\u00f6nyvek;<\/li>\n
    • t\u00e1vh\u0151szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s \u00e9s egyes energetikai c\u00e9l\u00fa term\u00e9kek;<\/li>\n
    • lak\u00f3ingatlanok \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9se \u00e9s \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se meghat\u00e1rozott felt\u00e9telek mellett.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Mit jelent a levonhat\u00f3 \u00c1FA Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      A levonhat\u00f3 \u00c1FA olyan mechanizmus, amely lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy levonj\u00e1k a beszerz\u00e9seik ut\u00e1n megfizetett \u00c1FA-t a saj\u00e1t \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s\u00fckb\u0151l beszedett \u00c1FA-b\u00f3l. Ez biztos\u00edtja, hogy az \u00c1FA t\u00e9nylegesen csak az adott term\u00e9k vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s hozz\u00e1adott \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9re vonatkozzon.<\/span><\/p>\n

      P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul egy c\u00e9g 1.000 eur\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171 alapanyagot v\u00e1s\u00e1rol, amelyre 27% \u00c1FA-t sz\u00e1m\u00edtanak fel, \u00edgy a v\u00e9gs\u0151 \u00e1r 1.270 eur\u00f3 lesz (1.000 eur\u00f3 + 270 eur\u00f3 \u00c1FA). A c\u00e9g ebb\u0151l az alapanyagb\u00f3l k\u00e9szterm\u00e9ket \u00e1ll\u00edt el\u0151, amelyet 2.000 eur\u00f3\u00e9rt ad el, plusz 27% \u00c1FA, \u00edgy a v\u00e9g\u00f6sszeg 2.540 eur\u00f3 lesz (2.000 eur\u00f3 + 540 eur\u00f3 \u00c1FA).<\/span><\/p>\n

      Ad\u00f3bevall\u00e1skor a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s levonhatja a beszerz\u00e9sein megfizetett 270 eur\u00f3 \u00c1FA-t az elad\u00e1sai ut\u00e1n beszedett 540 eur\u00f3 \u00c1FA-b\u00f3l, \u00edgy csak a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6zetet, 270 eur\u00f3t kell befizetnie az ad\u00f3hat\u00f3s\u00e1gnak. Ez az \u00c1FA-levon\u00e1s mechanizmusa, amely biztos\u00edtja, hogy az ad\u00f3 kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag a hozz\u00e1adott \u00e9rt\u00e9kre vonatkozzon.<\/span><\/p>\n

      EU-n bel\u00fcli \u00c1FA \u2013 k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi ad\u00f3sz\u00e1m Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/h2>\n

      Az EU-n bel\u00fcli \u00c1FA-szab\u00e1lyoz\u00e1s fontos szerepet j\u00e1tszik a hat\u00e1rokon \u00e1tny\u00fal\u00f3 kereskedelemben, lehet\u0151v\u00e9 t\u00e9ve a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1sok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy meghat\u00e1rozott felt\u00e9telek mellett \u00c1FA-mentesen v\u00e1s\u00e1roljanak \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edtsenek m\u00e1s uni\u00f3s tag\u00e1llamokban.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Ha egy magyar v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s m\u00e1s EU-s tag\u00e1llamban l\u00e9v\u0151 c\u00e9gnek \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt term\u00e9ket vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st, akkor az \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban \u00c1FA-mentes lehet, felt\u00e9ve, hogy mindk\u00e9t f\u00e9l \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi ad\u00f3sz\u00e1mmal rendelkezik, \u00e9s a tranzakci\u00f3 szerepel a VIES (EU-s \u00c1FA-inform\u00e1ci\u00f3s rendszer) adatb\u00e1zisban.<\/span><\/p>\n

      K\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi ad\u00f3sz\u00e1m sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges, ha:<\/strong><\/h3>\n
        \n
      • egy magyar v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s m\u00e1s EU-s tag\u00e1llamb\u00f3l v\u00e1s\u00e1rol \u00e1rut vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1st;<\/li>\n
      • egy v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s m\u00e1s EU-s orsz\u00e1gban ny\u00fajt szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1sokat vagy \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt \u00e1rukat;<\/li>\n
      • a v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1s \u00e1tl\u00e9pi az EU-s beszerz\u00e9si limitet (10.000 eur\u00f3 \u00e9vente).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        A k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi ad\u00f3sz\u00e1m ig\u00e9nyl\u00e9se az ad\u00f3hat\u00f3s\u00e1gn\u00e1l t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, \u00e9s sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges az ad\u00f3mentes k\u00f6z\u00f6ss\u00e9gi \u00fcgyletek lebonyol\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        \u00c1FA \u2013 \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos forgalmi ad\u00f3 Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban Az \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos forgalmi ad\u00f3 (\u00c1FA) egy k\u00f6zvetett ad\u00f3, amelyet az \u00e1llami k\u00f6lts\u00e9gvet\u00e9s fel\u00e9 kell befizetni, \u00e9s amelyet a v\u00e9gs\u0151 fogyaszt\u00f3 visel az \u00e1ltala v\u00e1s\u00e1rolt term\u00e9k vagy szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s \u00e1r\u00e1ban. Ez a k\u00f6zvetett ad\u00f3 minden gazdas\u00e1gi ciklusban alkalmazand\u00f3, amely a term\u00e9k el\u0151\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t vagy a szolg\u00e1ltat\u00e1s ny\u00fajt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9rinti, az \u00e9rt\u00e9kes\u00edt\u00e9s minden szakasz\u00e1ban, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[391,387],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[119],"class_list":["post-32088","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-adojog","category-uzleti-jog"],"yoast_head":"\nRom\u00e1n ad\u00f3\u00fcgyi illet\u0151s\u00e9gi igazol\u00e1s - mi az? - Legal Badger<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rom\u00e1n ad\u00f3\u00fcgyi illet\u0151s\u00e9gi igazol\u00e1s - mi az?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legalbadger.org\/hu\/jogi\/uzleti-jog\/roman-adougyi-illetosegi-igazolas-mi-az\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rom\u00e1n ad\u00f3\u00fcgyi illet\u0151s\u00e9gi igazol\u00e1s - mi az? 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