{"id":32395,"date":"2024-10-09T12:05:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T09:05:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalbadger.org\/?p=32395"},"modified":"2025-03-18T18:06:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-18T15:06:32","slug":"buntetes-aloli-mentesseg-romaniaban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalbadger.org\/hu\/jogi\/buntetojog\/buntetes-aloli-mentesseg-romaniaban\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcntet\u00e9s al\u00f3li mentess\u00e9g Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban"},"content":{"rendered":"

A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s \u2013 B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1st a B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv 80. cikke szab\u00e1lyozza, \u00e9s abban \u00e1ll, hogy a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g v\u00e9glegesen lemondhat a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s kiszab\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. Ennek az int\u00e9zm\u00e9nynek a jogi term\u00e9szet\u00e9vel kapcsolatban nincs konszenzus a szakirodalomban. Egyes szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy ez egy olyan m\u00f3dszer, amely a b\u00fcntet\u0151jogi felel\u0151ss\u00e9get k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1si felel\u0151ss\u00e9ggel helyettes\u00edti, m\u00edg m\u00e1sok \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy ez egy olyan ok, amely megsz\u00fcnteti a cselekm\u00e9ny b\u00fcntet\u0151jogi jelleg\u00e9t. Egy m\u00e1sik n\u00e9zet szerint pedig a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s nem m\u00e1s, mint a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak egyedi meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1sa.<\/p>\n

Ebben a cikkben kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag az alkalmaz\u00e1si felt\u00e9telekre \u00e9s az int\u00e9zm\u00e9ny \u00e1ltal kiv\u00e1ltott hat\u00e1sokra \u00f6sszpontos\u00edtunk.<\/p>\n

A rom\u00e1n B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv 80. cikke szerint a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g csak akkor d\u00f6nthet a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1sr\u00f3l, ha az al\u00e1bbi felt\u00e9telek egy\u00fcttesen teljes\u00fclnek:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Az elk\u00f6vetett b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9ny csek\u00e9ly s\u00faly\u00fa<\/strong>, figyelembe v\u00e9ve a bek\u00f6vetkezett k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyek term\u00e9szet\u00e9t \u00e9s m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t, az alkalmazott eszk\u00f6z\u00f6ket, az elk\u00f6vet\u00e9s m\u00f3dj\u00e1t \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeit, a motiv\u00e1ci\u00f3t \u00e9s a c\u00e9lt;<\/li>\n
  2. A b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00fagy \u00edt\u00e9li meg, hogy a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1sa nem lenne c\u00e9lszer\u0171 az elk\u00f6vet\u0151re gyakorolt hat\u00e1sai miatt, figyelembe v\u00e9ve szem\u00e9lyis\u00e9g\u00e9t<\/strong>, az elk\u00f6vet\u00e9s el\u0151tti magatart\u00e1s\u00e1t, a b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9ny k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeinek megsz\u00fcntet\u00e9s\u00e9re vagy cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9s\u00e9re tett er\u0151fesz\u00edt\u00e9seit, valamint a t\u00e1rsadalomba val\u00f3 visszailleszked\u00e9s\u00e9nek lehet\u0151s\u00e9geit;<\/li>\n
  3. Az elk\u00f6vet\u0151 kor\u00e1bban nem volt el\u00edt\u00e9lve<\/strong>, kiv\u00e9ve a B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv 42. cikk\u00e9nek a) \u00e9s b) pontja \u00e1ltal meghat\u00e1rozott eseteket (vagyis a t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny \u00e1ltal m\u00e1r nem b\u00fcntetend\u0151 cselekm\u00e9nyeket \u00e9s az amneszti\u00e1val \u00e9rintett b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9nyeket), illetve ha a rehabilit\u00e1ci\u00f3 bek\u00f6vetkezett vagy a rehabilit\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151 letelt;<\/li>\n
  4. Az elk\u00f6vet\u0151 az elk\u00f6vet\u00e9s el\u0151tti 2 \u00e9vben nem r\u00e9szes\u00fclt a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1sban<\/strong>;<\/li>\n
  5. Az elk\u00f6vet\u0151 nem vonta ki mag\u00e1t<\/strong> a b\u00fcntet\u0151elj\u00e1r\u00e1s al\u00f3l, nem pr\u00f3b\u00e1lta akad\u00e1lyozni az igazs\u00e1g kider\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t vagy az elk\u00f6vet\u0151 \u00e9s a b\u0171nr\u00e9szesek felel\u0151ss\u00e9gre von\u00e1s\u00e1t;<\/li>\n
  6. A b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9ny\u00e9rt t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny \u00e1ltal el\u0151\u00edrt b\u00fcntet\u00e9s p\u00e9nzb\u00edrs\u00e1g vagy legfeljebb 5 \u00e9v szabads\u00e1gveszt\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ha ezek a felt\u00e9telek teljes\u00fclnek, a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g d\u00f6nthet a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s mellett, ami azt jelenti, hogy nemcsak hogy nem szab ki b\u00fcntet\u00e9st, de azt meg sem \u00e1llap\u00edtja. Ha a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s megt\u00f6rt\u00e9nik, a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g figyelmeztet\u00e9st ad az elk\u00f6vet\u0151nek. A B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv 81. cikke szerint ebben a figyelmeztet\u00e9sben felsorolj\u00e1k azokat a t\u00e9nybeli indokokat, amelyek a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1st indokolt\u00e1k, \u00e9s az elk\u00f6vet\u0151t figyelmeztetik a j\u00f6v\u0151beni magatart\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s az esetleges \u00fajabb b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyeire.<\/p>\n

    A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s hat\u00e1sait tekintve a legfontosabb k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9ny, hogy az \u00e9rintett szem\u00e9ly nem lesz al\u00e1vetve semmilyen jogveszt\u00e9snek, tilalomnak vagy alkalmatlans\u00e1gnak, amely a b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9nyb\u0151l eredhet. Ugyanakkor fontos megjegyezni, hogy az illet\u0151 nem mentes\u00fcl a polg\u00e1ri k\u00f6telezetts\u00e9gek vagy a biztons\u00e1gi int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1sa al\u00f3l. Ebben az \u00f6sszef\u00fcgg\u00e9sben gyakran felmer\u00fcl a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 k\u00e9rd\u00e9s:<\/p>\n

    A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s megjelenik-e a b\u0171n\u00fcgyi nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sban Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    A k\u00e9rd\u00e9sre a 290\/2004. sz. t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny ad v\u00e1laszt a b\u0171n\u00fcgyi nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sr\u00f3l. E t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny 9. cikke kimondja, hogy a b\u0171n\u00fcgyi nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1s tartalmazza: \u201ea joger\u0151s b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gi hat\u00e1rozatokkal kiszabott b\u00fcntet\u00e9seket, biztons\u00e1gi \u00e9s nevel\u00e9si int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket, a szabads\u00e1gveszt\u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak megkezd\u00e9s\u00e9t, megszak\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s befejez\u00e9s\u00e9t, a biztons\u00e1gi \u00e9s nevel\u00e9si int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1t, a felt\u00e9teles szabadl\u00e1bra helyez\u00e9st \u00e9s annak visszavon\u00e1s\u00e1t, a p\u00e9nzb\u00edrs\u00e1g megfizet\u00e9s\u00e9t, az amneszti\u00e1t, a kegyelmet, a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1nak el\u00e9v\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9t, a rehabilit\u00e1ci\u00f3t, a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1gok joger\u0151s b\u00fcntet\u0151\u00edt\u00e9leteivel kiszabott b\u00fcntet\u00e9seket \u00e9s int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket, valamint a k\u00fclf\u00f6ldi igazs\u00e1g\u00fcgyi szervek \u00e1ltal hozott hat\u00e1rozatokat, ha ezeket a rom\u00e1n hat\u00f3s\u00e1gok elismert\u00e9k, a b\u0171n\u00fcgyi nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sban bek\u00f6vetkez\u0151 v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat el\u0151\u00edr\u00f3 joger\u0151s hat\u00e1rozatokat, a kiadat\u00e1st<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Mivel a rom\u00e1n jogszab\u00e1lyok nem \u00edrj\u00e1k el\u0151 a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s r\u00f6gz\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t a b\u0171n\u00fcgyi nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sban, arra a k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9sre juthatunk, hogy ezek az int\u00e9zked\u00e9sek nem jelennek meg a nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1s kivonat\u00e1ban. Fontos hangs\u00falyozni, hogy az ilyen esetekben a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g \u00e1ltal alkalmazott figyelmeztet\u00e9s sem lesz hat\u00e1ssal a nyilv\u00e1ntart\u00e1sra, mivel annak c\u00e9lja csup\u00e1n az indokok ismertet\u00e9se \u00e9s az elk\u00f6vet\u0151 figyelmeztet\u00e9se a j\u00f6v\u0151beni magatart\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9s a lehets\u00e9ges k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nyekre.<\/p>\n

    V\u00e9g\u00fcl meg kell jegyezni, hogy a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s nem vonhat\u00f3 vissza, csak megsemmis\u00edthet\u0151. A B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv 82. cikk\u00e9nek (3) bekezd\u00e9se meghat\u00e1rozza a megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9s felt\u00e9teleit. E rendelkez\u00e9s szerint a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9re az al\u00e1bbi esetekben ker\u00fcl sor:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Az \u00e9rintett szem\u00e9ly a d\u00f6nt\u00e9s joger\u0151re emelked\u00e9se el\u0151tt egy m\u00e1sik b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9nyt k\u00f6vetett el;<\/li>\n
    2. Az adott b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9nyt a lemond\u00e1sr\u00f3l sz\u00f3l\u00f3 d\u00f6nt\u00e9s joger\u0151re emelked\u00e9s\u00e9t\u0151l sz\u00e1m\u00edtott k\u00e9t \u00e9ven bel\u00fcl fedezt\u00e9k fel;<\/li>\n
    3. Az adott b\u0171ncselekm\u00e9ny miatt m\u00e9g ezen id\u0151szak letelte ut\u00e1n is b\u00fcntet\u00e9st szabtak ki.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1s \u2013 B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban A b\u00fcntet\u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l val\u00f3 lemond\u00e1st a B\u00fcntet\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyk\u00f6nyv 80. cikke szab\u00e1lyozza, \u00e9s abban \u00e1ll, hogy a b\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g v\u00e9glegesen lemondhat a b\u00fcntet\u00e9s kiszab\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9s alkalmaz\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l. Ennek az int\u00e9zm\u00e9nynek a jogi term\u00e9szet\u00e9vel kapcsolatban nincs konszenzus a szakirodalomban. Egyes szak\u00e9rt\u0151k \u00fagy v\u00e9lik, hogy ez egy olyan m\u00f3dszer, amely a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_ppma_block_editor_authors":""},"categories":[388],"tags":[],"ppma_author":[119],"class_list":["post-32395","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-buntetojog"],"yoast_head":"\nB\u00fcntet\u00e9s al\u00f3li mentess\u00e9g Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban - Legal Badger<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00fcntet\u00e9s al\u00f3li mentess\u00e9g Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/legalbadger.org\/hu\/jogi\/buntetojog\/buntetes-aloli-mentesseg-romaniaban\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u00fcntet\u00e9s al\u00f3li mentess\u00e9g Rom\u00e1ni\u00e1ban - 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